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1.
BMC Pulm Med ; 24(1): 224, 2024 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38720270

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Simvastatin (Sim), a hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, has been widely used in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have suggested that Sim exerts anti-fibrotic effects by interfering fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. This study was to determine whether Sim could alleviate silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The rat model of silicosis was established by the tracheal perfusion method and treated with Sim (5 or 10 mg/kg), AICAR (an AMPK agonist), and apocynin (a NOX inhibitor) for 28 days. Lung tissues were collected for further analyses including pathological histology, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and the AMPK-NOX pathway. RESULTS: Sim significantly reduced silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis at 28 days after administration. Sim could reduce the levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-ß1 in lung tissues. The expressions of hydroxyproline, α-SMA and vimentin were down-regulated, while E-cad was increased in Sim-treated rats. In addition, NOX4, p22pox, p40phox, p-p47phox/p47phox expressions and ROS levels were all increased, whereas p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased in silica-induced rats. Sim or AICAR treatment could notably reverse the decrease of AMPK activity and increase of NOX activity induced by silica. Apocynin treatment exhibited similar protective effects to Sim, including down-regulating of oxidative stress and inhibition of the EMT process and inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSIONS: Sim attenuates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by downregulating EMT and oxidative stress through the AMPK-NOX pathway.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Estrés Oxidativo , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Dióxido de Silicio , Simvastatina , Animales , Simvastatina/farmacología , Ratas , Masculino , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/prevención & control , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Dióxido de Silicio/toxicidad , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Neumonía/prevención & control , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/metabolismo , Neumonía/patología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de los fármacos , Silicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Silicosis/patología , Silicosis/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Ribonucleótidos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/análogos & derivados , Aminoimidazol Carboxamida/farmacología , NADPH Oxidasa 4/metabolismo , Acetofenonas/farmacología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo
2.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 133: 112004, 2024 May 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38613881

RESUMEN

Silicosis is a hazardous occupational disease caused by inhalation of silica, characterized by persistent lung inflammation that leads to fibrosis and subsequent lung dysfunction. Moreover, the complex pathophysiology of silicosis, the challenges associated with early detection, and the unfavorable prognosis contribute to the limited availability of treatment options. Daphnetin (DAP), a natural lactone, has demonstrated various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pulmonary protective effects. However, the effects of DAP on silicosis and its molecular mechanisms remain uncover. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DAP against pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis using a silica-induced silicosis mouse model, and investigate the potential mechanisms and targets through network pharmacology, proteomics, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Here, we found that DAP significantly alleviated silica-induced lung injury in mice with silicosis. The results of H&E staining, Masson staining, and Sirius red staining indicated that DAP effectively reduced the inflammatory response and collagen deposition over a 28-day period following lung exposure to silica. Furthermore, DAP reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, increased the expression levels of Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the mice with silicosis. More importantly, DAP suppressed the expression levels of NLRP3 signaling pathway-related proteins, including NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1, thereby inhibiting silica-induced lung inflammation. Further studies demonstrated that DAP possesses the ability to inhibit the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by silica through the inhibition of the TGF-ß1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The experimental results of proteomic analysis found that the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was the key targets of DAP to alleviate lung injury induced by silica. DAP significantly inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway induced by silica in lung tissues. The conclusion was also verified by the results of molecular and CETSA. To further verify this conclusion, the activity of PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was inhibited in A549 cells using LY294002. When the A549 cells were pretreated with LY294002, the protective effect of DAP on silica-induced injury was lost. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that DAP alleviates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by silica by modulating the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway, and holds promise as a potentially effective treatment for silicosis.


Asunto(s)
Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Transducción de Señal , Dióxido de Silicio , Silicosis , Umbeliferonas , Animales , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Umbeliferonas/farmacología , Umbeliferonas/uso terapéutico , Silicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Silicosis/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Ratones , Humanos , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Neumonía/patología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Masculino , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular
3.
Discov Med ; 36(183): 816-826, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38665029

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a prevalent respiratory ailment involving complex physiological and pathological mechanisms. The tripartite motif containing 27 (TRIM27) plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation mechanisms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to further explore the therapeutic potential of TRIM27 in pneumonia, based on its regulatory mechanisms in inflammation and autophagy. METHODS: This study established a mouse pneumonia animal model through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, designating it as the LPS model group. Subsequently, adenovirus-mediated TRIM27 overexpression was implemented in the animals of the LPS model group, creating the TRIM27 treatment group. After a 7-day treatment period, lung tissues from the mice were collected. Various techniques, including immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and electron microscopy were utilized to analyze the impact of TRIM27 overexpression on inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammatory processes in pulmonary tissues. Finally, an in vitro LPS cell model was established, and the effects of TRIM27 overexpression and autophagy inhibition on inflammatory cytokines and autophagosomes in LPS-induced inflammatory cells were examined through RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence techniques. RESULTS: The research findings demonstrate a significant reduction in the elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1ß, and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced by LPS with TRIM27 overexpression (p < 0.01). Conversely, the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) diminished the effects induced by TRIM27 overexpression. Moreover, TRIM27 overexpression enhanced the expression of Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and Beclin-1 proteins in mice subjected to LPS stimulation (p < 0.01), while reducing the expression of the p62 protein (p < 0.01). The addition of 3-MA, however, decreased Beclin-1 expression and inhibited autophagy (p < 0.01). Additionally, TRIM27 overexpression decreased the expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, IL-1ß, and Gasdermin D N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N) proteins in LPS-stimulated mice (p < 0.05). TRIM27 overexpression also decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), while increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in mice exposed to LPS (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The induction of TRIM27 overexpression emerges as a potential and effective pneumonia treatment. The underlying mechanism may involve inducing protective autophagy, thereby reducing oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis.


Asunto(s)
Autofagia , Neumonía , Proteínas de Motivos Tripartitos , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligasas , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/farmacología , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/genética , Beclina-1/metabolismo , Beclina-1/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Neumonía/patología , Neumonía/metabolismo
4.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 124, 2024 Mar 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38539145

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the inter-relationships between pig farm management and facilities (as assessed by questionnaire) and post-mortem lung lesion (lung score assesment), which are the result of respiratory infections. The relationships between carcass characteristics and post-mortem lung lesion scores were also investigated. RESULTS: Questionnaire responses were collected from 22 self-selecting pig farmers about their farm facilities/management and health condition of the respiratory system of pigs, including the occurrence of clinical respiratory signs, results of laboratory testing for respiratory pathogens, and the use of respiratory vaccines. When fatteners were sent to the abattoir, their carcasses (n = 1,976) were examined for evidence of respiratory disease by lung lesion (pleuritis pneumonia-like (PP-like) and enzootic pneumonia-like (EP-like) lesions) scoring and the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Index (APPI) was calculated. Carcass characteristics were recorded and, retrospectively, the prevalence of cachectic pigs was calculated. Using these variables, the relationships between farm facilities/management and lung lesions scores and the relationships between the latter and carcass characteristics and cachexia were explored. The key findings relating farm facilities and management to lung lesions were: slatted floors were associated with significantly higher EP-like lesions scores than litter bedding in weaners, single-stage fattening in the same building was associated with significantly higher EP-like lesions scores than two-stage fattening, but herd size, stocking density, use of all-in/all-out (AIAO) rule, technological break duration and variation in daily temperature did not affect lung lesions scores. The key findings relating lung lesion scores to carcass characteristics were: a significant, negative correlation between EP-like scores and carcass weight but not with other carcass characteristics, a significant positive correlation between PP-like scores and carcass meat content and prevalence of cachectic carcasses and a significant positive correlation between lung APPI and prevalence of cachectic carcasses. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that both farm facilities and management affect lung lesions scores and that the latter affect carcass characteristics. Lung lesion scoring is an inexpensive technique suitable for rapid monitoring of large numbers of carcasses that can be performed after animal slaughter. It provides useful information to inform producers about possible deficits in farm facilities or management and is a predictor of economic loss due to poorer quality carcasses.


Asunto(s)
Neumonía , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Porcinos , Animales , Granjas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pulmón/patología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/patología , Neumonía/patología , Neumonía/veterinaria
5.
Cell ; 187(8): 1874-1888.e14, 2024 Apr 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38518773

RESUMEN

Infections of the lung cause observable sickness thought to be secondary to inflammation. Signs of sickness are crucial to alert others via behavioral-immune responses to limit contact with contagious individuals. Gram-negative bacteria produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) that provides microbial protection; however, the impact of EPS on sickness remains uncertain. Using genome-engineered Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains, we compared EPS-producers versus non-producers and a virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) lung infection model in male and female mice. EPS-negative P. aeruginosa and virulent E. coli infection caused severe sickness, behavioral alterations, inflammation, and hypothermia mediated by TLR4 detection of the exposed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in lung TRPV1+ sensory neurons. However, inflammation did not account for sickness. Stimulation of lung nociceptors induced acute stress responses in the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei by activating corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons responsible for sickness behavior and hypothermia. Thus, EPS-producing biofilm pathogens evade initiating a lung-brain sensory neuronal response that results in sickness.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli , Pulmón , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Biopelículas , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Hipotermia/metabolismo , Hipotermia/patología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Neumonía/microbiología , Neumonía/patología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiología , Células Receptoras Sensoriales , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/patología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/patología , Nociceptores/metabolismo
6.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(3)2024 Mar 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38458766

RESUMEN

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an uncommon extranodal low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Pulmonary MALT lymphomas originate from bronchial MALT and are also referred to as bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. MALT lymphomas of the lung are slow-growing tumours and usually present as asymptomatic chronic alveolar opacities visible on chest radiographs or with non-specific pulmonary symptoms. Here we described a case of a male patient in his early 50s with cough and chest pain for 4 years. His CT chest scan showed consolidation in the lingula and left lower lobe. Histopathology of the specimen obtained from cryobiopsy of the lung lesion showed a dense monomorphic lymphoid infiltrate, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. The prognosis of pulmonary MALT lymphomas is good with >80% 5-year survival rates. This case highlights that MALT lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis while evaluating cases with non-resolving consolidation.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Bronquios , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal , Neumonía , Humanos , Masculino , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/patología , Neumonía/patología , Neoplasias de los Bronquios/patología , Radiografía
7.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 131: 111849, 2024 Apr 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38503017

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic, nonspecific inflammation of the alveoli and airways is an important pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while sustained inflammatory reactions can cause alveolar damage. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit inflammation, whereas the interleukin-2/anti-interleukin-2 complex (IL-2C) increases the number of Tregs; however, whether the IL-2C has a therapeutic role in COPD remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated whether IL-2C alleviates lung inflammation in COPD by increasing the number of Tregs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A mouse COPD model was created by exposing mice to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS), and the effects of IL-2C treatment on COPD were evaluated. The number of Tregs in the spleen and lung, pulmonary pathological changes, and inflammatory damage were examined through flow cytometry, histopathology, and immunofluorescence, respectively. KEY RESULTS: IL-2C increased the number of Treg cells in the spleen and lungs after exposure to CS and LPS, reduced the number of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in lung tissue, and improved the Th17/Treg balance. IL-2C decreased the number of inflammatory cells and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß, CCL5, KC, and MCP-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. IL-2C significantly reduced the pathological scores for lung inflammation, as well as decreased airway mucus secretion and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs. The depletion of Tregs using anti-CD25 antibodies eliminated the beneficial effects of IL-2C. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: IL-2C is a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating excessive inflammation in the lungs of patients with COPD.


Asunto(s)
Neumonía , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Interleucina-2 , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Pulmón/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/patología , Factores de Transcripción , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/patología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead
8.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 326(5): L574-L588, 2024 May 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38440830

RESUMEN

Although tobramycin increases lung function in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), the density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) in the lungs is only modestly reduced by tobramycin; hence, the mechanism whereby tobramycin improves lung function is not completely understood. Here, we demonstrate that tobramycin increases 5' tRNA-fMet halves in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted by laboratory and CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The 5' tRNA-fMet halves are transferred from OMVs into primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (CF-HBEC), decreasing OMV-induced IL-8 and IP-10 secretion. In mouse lungs, increased expression of the 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs attenuated KC (murine homolog of IL-8) secretion and neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, there was less IL-8 and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid isolated from pwCF during the period of exposure to tobramycin versus the period off tobramycin. In conclusion, we have shown in mice and in vitro studies on CF-HBEC that tobramycin reduces inflammation by increasing 5' tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs that are delivered to CF-HBEC and reduce IL-8 and neutrophilic airway inflammation. This effect is predicted to improve lung function in pwCF receiving tobramycin for P. aeruginosa infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The experiments in this report identify a novel mechanism, whereby tobramycin reduces inflammation in two models of CF. Tobramycin increased the secretion of tRNA-fMet halves in OMVs secreted by P. aeruginosa, which reduced the OMV-LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary cultures of CF-HBEC and in mouse lung, an effect predicted to reduce lung damage in pwCF.


Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Tobramicina , Fibrosis Quística/microbiología , Fibrosis Quística/metabolismo , Fibrosis Quística/patología , Fibrosis Quística/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Tobramicina/farmacología , Humanos , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Neumonía/metabolismo , Neumonía/patología , Neumonía/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar
9.
J Clin Invest ; 134(9)2024 Mar 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38483511

RESUMEN

In lung, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) activates the TP receptor to induce proinflammatory and bronchoconstrictor effects. Thus, TP receptor antagonists and TXA2 synthase inhibitors have been tested as potential asthma therapeutics in humans. Th9 cells play key roles in asthma and regulate the lung immune response to allergens. Herein, we found that TXA2 reduces Th9 cell differentiation during allergic lung inflammation. Th9 cells were decreased approximately 2-fold and airway hyperresponsiveness was attenuated in lungs of allergic mice treated with TXA2. Naive CD4+ T cell differentiation to Th9 cells and IL-9 production were inhibited dose-dependently by TXA2 in vitro. TP receptor-deficient mice had an approximately 2-fold increase in numbers of Th9 cells in lungs in vivo after OVA exposure compared with wild-type mice. Naive CD4+ T cells from TP-deficient mice exhibited increased Th9 cell differentiation and IL-9 production in vitro compared with CD4+ T cells from wild-type mice. TXA2 also suppressed Th2 and enhanced Treg differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, in contrast to its acute, proinflammatory effects, TXA2 also has longer-lasting immunosuppressive effects that attenuate the Th9 differentiation that drives asthma progression. These findings may explain the paradoxical failure of anti-thromboxane therapies in the treatment of asthma.


Asunto(s)
Asma , Diferenciación Celular , Linfocitos T Reguladores , Células Th2 , Tromboxano A2 , Animales , Ratones , Células Th2/inmunología , Células Th2/patología , Tromboxano A2/metabolismo , Tromboxano A2/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Asma/patología , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/genética , Ratones Noqueados , Interleucina-9/inmunología , Interleucina-9/genética , Interleucina-9/metabolismo , Neumonía/inmunología , Neumonía/patología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Femenino , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología
10.
Shock ; 61(4): 630-637, 2024 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38300836

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is accompanied by a pronounced activation of the inflammatory response in which acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most frequent consequences. Among the pivotal orchestrators of this inflammatory cascade, extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) emerges as a noteworthy focal point, rendering it as a promising target for the management of inflammation and tissue injury. Recently, we have reported that oligonucleotide poly(A) mRNA mimic termed A 12 selectively binds to the RNA binding region of eCIRP and inhibits eCIRP binding to its receptor TLR4. Furthermore, in vivo administration of eCIRP induces lung injury in healthy mice and that mouse deficient in CIRP showed protection from inflammation-associated lung injury. We hypothesize that A 12 inhibits systemic inflammation and ALI in HS. To test the impacts of A 12 on systemic and lung inflammation, extent of inflammatory cellular infiltration and resultant lung damage were evaluated in a mouse model of HS. Male mice were subjected to controlled hemorrhage with a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg for 90 min and then resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution containing phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) or A 12 at a dose of 4 nmol/g body weight (treatment). The infusion volume was twice that of the shed blood. At 4 h after resuscitation, mice were euthanized, and blood and lung tissues were harvested. Blood and tissue markers of inflammation and injury were evaluated. Serum markers of injury (lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and blood urea nitrogen) and inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6) were increased after HS and A 12 treatment significantly decreased their levels. A 12 treatment also decreased lung levels of TNF-α, MIP-2, and KC mRNA expressions. Lung histological injury score, neutrophil infiltration (Ly6G staining and myeloperoxidase activity), and lung apoptosis were significantly attenuated after A 12 treatment. Our study suggests that the capacity of A 12 in attenuating HS-induced ALI and may provide novel perspectives in developing efficacious pharmaceutics for improving hemorrhage prognosis.


Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar Aguda , Neumonía , Choque Hemorrágico , Ratones , Masculino , Animales , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/patología , Pulmón/patología , Neumonía/patología , Choque Hemorrágico/terapia , Inflamación/patología
11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4793, 2024 02 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38413705

RESUMEN

In the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), tumors exhibiting main bronchial infiltration (MBI) near the carina and those presenting with complete lung obstructive pneumonia/atelectasis (P/ATL) have been reclassified from T3 to T2. Our investigation into the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, spanning from 2007 to 2015 and adjusted via Propensity Score Matching (PSM) for additional variables, disclosed a notably inferior overall survival (OS) for patients afflicted with these conditions. Specifically, individuals with P/ATL experienced a median OS of 12 months compared to 15 months (p < 0.001). In contrast, MBI patients demonstrated a slightly worse prognosis with a median OS of 22 months versus 23 months (p = 0.037), with both conditions significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (All p < 0.001). Upon evaluating different treatment approaches for these particular T2 NSCLC variants, while adjusting for other factors, surgery emerged as the optimal therapeutic strategy. We counted those who underwent surgery and found that compared to surgery alone, the MBI/(P/ATL) group experienced a much higher proportion of preoperative induction therapy or postoperative adjuvant therapy than the non-MBI/(P/ATL) group (41.3%/54.7% vs. 36.6%). However, for MBI patients, initial surgery followed by adjuvant treatment or induction therapy succeeded in significantly enhancing prognosis, a benefit that was not replicated for P/ATL patients. Leveraging the XGBoost model for a 5-year survival forecast and treatment determination for P/ATL and MBI patients yielded Area Under the Curve (AUC) scores of 0.853 for P/ATL and 0.814 for MBI, affirming the model's efficacy in prognostication and treatment allocation for these distinct T2 NSCLC categories.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neumonía , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Atelectasia Pulmonar/patología , Neumonía/patología , Bronquios/patología
12.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1325090, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38348034

RESUMEN

Smoking is a leading risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), that is characterized by chronic lung inflammation, tissue remodeling and emphysema. Although inflammation is critical to COPD pathogenesis, the cellular and molecular basis underlying smoking-induced lung inflammation and pathology remains unclear. Using murine smoke models and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we show that smoking establishes a self-amplifying inflammatory loop characterized by an influx of molecularly heterogeneous neutrophil subsets and excessive recruitment of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (MoAM). In contrast to tissue-resident AM, MoAM are absent in homeostasis and characterized by a pro-inflammatory gene signature. Moreover, MoAM represent 46% of AM in emphysematous mice and express markers causally linked to emphysema. We also demonstrate the presence of pro-inflammatory and tissue remodeling associated MoAM orthologs in humans that are significantly increased in emphysematous COPD patients. Inhibition of the IRAK4 kinase depletes a rare inflammatory neutrophil subset, diminishes MoAM recruitment, and alleviates inflammation in the lung of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. This study extends our understanding of the molecular signaling circuits and cellular dynamics in smoking-induced lung inflammation and pathology, highlights the functional consequence of monocyte and neutrophil recruitment, identifies MoAM as key drivers of the inflammatory process, and supports their contribution to pathological tissue remodeling.


Asunto(s)
Enfisema , Neumonía , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Macrófagos Alveolares/patología , Monocitos/patología , Neumonía/patología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/patología , Enfisema Pulmonar/etiología , Enfisema Pulmonar/patología , Inflamación/patología , Enfisema/patología
13.
BMC Cancer ; 24(1): 269, 2024 Feb 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38408928

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to life-threatening pneumonitis, and pre-existing interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are a risk factor for checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). However, the subjective assessment of ILA and the lack of standardized methods restrict its clinical utility as a predictive factor. This study aims to identify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at high risk of CIP using quantitative imaging. METHODS: This cohort study involved 206 cases in the training set and 111 cases in the validation set. It included locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients who underwent ICI therapy. A deep learning algorithm labeled the interstitial lesions and computed their volume. Two predictive models were developed to predict the probability of grade ≥ 2 CIP or severe CIP (grade ≥ 3). Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyze predictors of progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: In a training cohort of 206 patients, 21.4% experienced CIP. Two models were developed to predict the probability of CIP based on different predictors. Model 1 utilized age, histology, and preexisting ground glass opacity (GGO) percentage of the whole lung to predict grade ≥ 2 CIP, while Model 2 used histology and GGO percentage in the right lower lung to predict grade ≥ 3 CIP. These models were validated, and their accuracy was assessed. In another exploratory analysis, the presence of GGOs involving more than one lobe on pretreatment CT scans was identified as a risk factor for progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of GGO volume and distribution on pre-treatment CT scans could assist in monitoring and manage the risk of CIP in NSCLC patients receiving ICI therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study's quantitative imaging and computational analysis can help identify NSCLC patients at high risk of CIP, allowing for better risk management and potentially improved outcomes in those receivingICI treatment.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neumonía , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios de Cohortes , Pulmón/patología , Neumonía/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Estudios Retrospectivos
14.
World J Surg Oncol ; 22(1): 41, 2024 Feb 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38303008

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (IMA) is a unique and rare subtype of lung adenocarcinoma with poorly defined prognostic factors and highly controversial studies. Hence, this study aimed to comprehensively identify and summarize the prognostic factors associated with IMA. METHODS: A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from their inception until June 2023. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) were obtained to evaluate potential prognostic factors. RESULTS: A total of 1062 patients from 11 studies were included. In univariate analysis, we found that gender, age, TNM stage, smoking history, lymph node metastasis, pleural metastasis, spread through air spaces (STAS), tumor size, pathological grade, computed tomography (CT) findings of consolidative-type morphology, pneumonia type, and well-defined heterogeneous ground-glass opacity (GGO) were risk factors for IMA, and spiculated margin sign was a protective factor. In multivariate analysis, smoking history, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, STAS, tumor size, and pneumonia type sign were found to be risk factors. There was not enough evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations, CT signs of lobulated margin, and air bronchogram were related to the prognosis for IMA. CONCLUSION: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed prognostic factors for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung in univariate and multivariate analyses of OS and/or DFS. Finally, 12 risk factors and 1 protective factor were identified. These findings may help guide the clinical management of patients with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neumonía , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patología , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neumonía/patología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Femenino
15.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(3)2024 Feb 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38339063

RESUMEN

Here we use the SCIREQ InExpose system to simulate a biologically relevant vaping model in mice to investigate the role of calcium signaling in vape-dependent pulmonary disease as well as to investigate if there is a gender-based difference of disease. Male and female mice were vaped with JUUL Menthol (3% nicotine) using the SCIREQ InExpose system for 2 weeks. Additionally, 2-APB, a known calcium signaling inhibitor, was administered as a prophylactic for lung disease and damage caused by vaping. After 2 weeks, mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a bacterial infection. Post-infection (24 h), mice were sacrificed, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were taken. Vaping primed the lungs for worsened disease burden after microbial challenge (LPS) for both males and females, though females presented increased neutrophilia and inflammatory cytokines post-vape compared to males, which was assessed by flow cytometry, and cytokine and histopathological analysis. This increased inflammatory burden was controlled by calcium signaling inhibition, suggesting that calcium dysregulation may play a role in lung injury caused by vaping in a gender-dependent manner.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares , Neumonía , Vapeo , Masculino , Femenino , Ratones , Animales , Vapeo/efectos adversos , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Neumonía/etiología , Neumonía/patología , Pulmón/patología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Citocinas , Inflamación
16.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(5): e37002, 2024 Feb 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38306516

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Diffuse cystic lung diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of pulmonary disorders, with most cases being benign and malignant instances being rare. CASE REPORT: We present an unusual case of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the progressive diffusion of cystic lesions. The patient, initially diagnosed with a pulmonary infection and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, underwent repeated misdiagnoses. Ultimately, the diagnosis was confirmed using radial endobronchial ultrasound-guided-transbronchial cryobiopsy (rEBUS-TBCB). A 44-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with a persistent cough and expectoration of bloody sputum for over 6 months. Thoracic computed tomography revealed widespread cystic lesions and nodules. Despite multiple misdiagnoses, rEBUS-TBCB successfully confirmed the presence of lung adenocarcinoma and identified an echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) E13:A20 gene rearrangement. The patient was subsequently transferred to a local hospital for oral targeted drug therapy, which resulted in a favorable response. CONCLUSION: In conclusions, transbronchial lung biopsies often provide inadequate specimens for confirming diffuse cystic lung diseases. In contrast, the utilization of rEBUS-guided TBCB offers superior diagnostic capabilities, as it enables the collection of larger lung biopsies with higher diagnostic yields and fewer complications compared to surgical lung biopsy.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales , Enfermedades Pulmonares , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neumonía , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Intersticiales/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulmón/patología , Biopsia/métodos , Neumonía/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Errores Diagnósticos , Broncoscopía/métodos
17.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol ; 326(3): L330-L343, 2024 Mar 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38252635

RESUMEN

Extremely preterm infants are often exposed to long durations of mechanical ventilation to facilitate gas exchange, resulting in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). New lung protective strategies utilizing noninvasive ventilation or low tidal volumes are now common but have not reduced rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We aimed to determine the effect of 24 h of low tidal volume ventilation on the immature lung by ventilating preterm fetal sheep in utero. Preterm fetal sheep at 110 ± 1(SD) days' gestation underwent sterile surgery for instrumentation with a tracheal loop to enable in utero mechanical ventilation (IUV). At 112 ± 1 days' gestation, fetuses received either in utero mechanical ventilation (IUV, n = 10) targeting 3-5 mL/kg for 24 h, or no ventilation (CONT, n = 9). At necropsy, fetal lungs were collected to assess molecular and histological markers of lung inflammation and injury. IUV significantly increased lung mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared with CONT, and increased surfactant protein (SP)-A1, SP-B, and SP-C mRNA expression compared with CONT. IUV produced modest structural changes to the airways, including reduced parenchymal collagen and myofibroblast density. IUV increased pulmonary arteriole thickness compared with CONT but did not alter overall elastin or collagen content within the vasculature. In utero ventilation of an extremely preterm lung, even at low tidal volumes, induces lung inflammation and injury to the airways and vasculature. In utero ventilation may be an important model to isolate the confounding mechanisms of VILI to develop effective therapies for preterm infants requiring prolonged respiratory support.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Preterm infants often require prolonged respiratory support, but the relative contribution of ventilation to the development of lung injury is difficult to isolate. In utero mechanical ventilation allows for mechanistic investigations into ventilation-induced lung injury without confounding factors associated with sustaining extremely preterm lambs ex utero. Twenty-four hours of in utero ventilation, even at low tidal volumes, increased lung inflammation and surfactant protein expression and produced structural changes to the lung parenchyma and vasculature.


Asunto(s)
Neumonía , Lesión Pulmonar Inducida por Ventilación Mecánica , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Ovinos , Animales , Recien Nacido Extremadamente Prematuro , Pulmón/metabolismo , Feto/metabolismo , Respiración Artificial/efectos adversos , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Lesión Pulmonar Inducida por Ventilación Mecánica/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Neumonía/patología , Tensoactivos/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo
18.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 1721, 2024 01 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38242945

RESUMEN

Segmental instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by bronchoscopy safely induces transient airway inflammation in human lungs. This model enables investigation of pulmonary inflammatory mechanisms as well as pharmacodynamic analysis of investigational drugs. The aim of this work was to describe the transcriptomic profile of human segmental LPS challenge with contextualization to major respiratory diseases. Pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and biopsies were sampled from 28 smoking, healthy participants, followed by segmental instillation of LPS and saline as control. Twenty-four hours post instillation, BAL and biopsies were collected from challenged lung segments. Total RNA of cells from BAL and biopsy samples were sequenced and analysed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After challenge with LPS compared with saline, 6316 DEGs were upregulated and 241 were downregulated in BAL, but only one DEG was downregulated in biopsy samples. Upregulated DEGs in BAL were related to molecular functions such as "Inflammatory response" or "chemokine receptor activity", and upregulated pro-inflammatory pathways such as "Wnt-"/"Ras-"/"JAK-STAT" "-signaling pathway". Furthermore, the segmental LPS challenge model resembled aspects of the five most prevalent respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, tuberculosis and lung cancer and featured similarities with acute exacerbations in COPD (AECOPD) and community-acquired pneumonia. Overall, our study provides extensive information about the transcriptomic profile from BAL cells and mucosal biopsies following LPS challenge in healthy smokers. It expands the knowledge about the LPS challenge model providing potential overlap with respiratory diseases in general and infection-triggered respiratory insults such as AECOPD in particular.


Asunto(s)
Asma , Neumonía , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Endotoxinas , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Pulmón/patología , Asma/patología , Neumonía/patología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica
19.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 695: 149441, 2024 Feb 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38176174

RESUMEN

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is a receptor protein for Wnt ligands. Yet, their role in immune cell regulation remains elusive. Here we demonstrated that genetic deletion of LRP6 in macrophages using LysM-cre Lrp6fl/fl (Lrp6MKO) mice showed differential inhibition of inflammation in the bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury model and B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis model. Lrp6MKO mice showed normal immune cell populations in the lung and circulating blood in homeostatic conditions. In the BLM-induced lung injury model, Lrp6MKO mice showed a decreased number of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages, reduced collagen deposition and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) protein levels in the lung. In B16F10 lung metastasis model, Lrp6MKO mice reduced lung tumor foci. Monocytic and granulocytic-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs) were increased in the lung. In G-MDSCs, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)+ PDL1+ population was markedly decreased but not in M-MDSCs. Taken together, our results show that the role of LRP6 in macrophages is differential depending on the inflammation microenvironment in the lung.


Asunto(s)
Proteína-6 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad , Lesión Pulmonar , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neumonía , Animales , Ratones , Bleomicina , Inflamación/genética , Inflamación/patología , Proteína-6 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad/genética , Proteína-6 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Lesión Pulmonar/genética , Lesión Pulmonar/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Neumonía/patología , Microambiente Tumoral
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